Hepatitis C, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), is a significant public health concern due to its potential for becoming a chronic liver infection with severe consequences. It primarily affects the liver but can impact the entire body. Unlike hepatitis A and B, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, making early diagnosis and treatment critical.

HCV is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood. Common modes of transmission include sharing needles or syringes among intravenous drug users, receiving contaminated blood transfusions or organ transplants prior to rigorous screening, and using unsterilized medical equipment. It can also spread through sexual contact, though this is less common.

Acute hepatitis C often goes undiagnosed, as it may present with mild or no symptoms. However, if left untreated, it can progress to chronic hepatitis C, increasing the risk of severe liver complications, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Advances in medical science have led to the development of highly effective antiviral medications known as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). These treatments can cure hepatitis C, making early diagnosis and access to care essential. Screening for hepatitis C is recommended for individuals at higher risk, including those with a history of injection drug use, healthcare workers exposed to blood, and individuals born to mothers with HCV.

Prevention measures, such as harm reduction strategies for drug users and safe sex practices, are essential to reduce the spread of hepatitis C. Additionally, efforts to raise awareness and improve access to testing and treatment are critical in combating this viral infection.